Titanium vs Stainless Steel Earrings
Update log
- 2026-11-14: Published.
Quick answer
The records show a documentation gap, not a skin result. Titanium earring pages more often name a grade (F-136, F-67); steel pages say "surgical grade" or "stainless steel" without one. Neither metal removes the need to ask a dermatologist if you react to nickel.
Verdict
It depends This compares what makers and a few abstracts document, not performance or skin results. Titanium pages in our records name a grade more often; steel pages rarely do. A grade name is something to check, not a promise.
Choose A if
- You want a maker to name a standard you can ask about (Impuria states F-136, Blomdahl USA and Tini Lux state F-67 on the pages we read)
- You want a metal where the maker's own page says no nickel is present, rather than a steel where nickel is part of the alloy
- You are weighing a flat-back or internally threaded post and want to see what the maker says each part is made of
Choose B if
- You already know a specific steel grade, such as 316L, is acceptable for you, and the seller states that grade
- You are comparing lab release figures and want the stainless steel abstracts, which report low nickel release for some low-sulfur grades
- You are looking at a gold-coloured steel piece and can find out what the surface coating is
Trade-offs
| Criterion | A | B |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel in the metal, per what we read | The makers say nickel-free; no composition figure for titanium earrings was available to us (Blomdahl USA, Impuria and Tini Lux pages, captured 2026-11-13) | One 1997 abstract (PMID 9228844) gives 316L at 10 to 14 wt% nickel; the earring pages say "nickel free" or a weaker nickel claim |
| Grade or standard named on the page | Impuria F-136; Blomdahl USA F67; Tini Lux F-67 base, with F-136 described for flat-back studs; Comfy Earrings, Simply Whispers and Tini Lux starter studs say only implant-grade, medical-grade or titanium | None of the six steel records names a steel grade; Pierced Co says "surgical grade", Studex names the metal as stainless steel |
| Nickel release evidence | We found no release test for titanium earrings in the sources we read; the REACH limits apply to any post (EUR-Lex, retrieved 2026-11-14) | A 1994 abstract (PMID 7842681) reports low-sulfur 304 and 316L releasing under 0.03 micrograms/cm2/week in acidic artificial sweat; another 1994 report (PMID 7867327) describes allergic contact dermatitis from stainless steel |
| Hypersensitivity to the metal itself | A 2021 meta-analysis (PMID 35017986) and a 2022 review (PMID 36498546) discuss titanium hypersensitivity, mostly in implant patients | Nickel is the main concern in the sources we read for steel; see the nickel allergy guide |
| Coatings on gold-coloured pieces | Tini Lux says titanium nitride PVD gives the gold colour; Impuria describes titanium PVD gold plating | Pierced Co describes 18K gold plating on several pieces and PVD on one; plating thickness is not stated |
| Evidence level in our records | Maker pages, mostly browser-captured 2026-11-13; route label "maker says hypoallergenic" where present | Maker pages, browser-captured 2026-11-13; route label "maker says hypoallergenic" |
The short answer
This page compares what documents say about titanium and stainless steel earrings. It does not compare comfort, durability or skin results, and we have not tested any earrings. It depends on what you need from a listing.
In our records, titanium pages more often name a grade and say nickel-free. Steel pages mostly say “surgical grade” or “stainless steel” and none names a grade. That is a difference in documentation, not proof about either metal. If you react to nickel, the person to ask is a dermatologist or allergy clinic.
For the full product lists, see our titanium earrings roundup, surgical steel earrings roundup and stainless steel jewelry roundup. This page does not repeat them; it sets the two metals side by side.
What the records show
All earring records here come from maker pages captured in a browser on 2026-11-13, except where a record says plain maker evidence. “Hypoallergenic” has no legal definition, so where we write “maker says hypoallergenic” that is the maker’s claim, not ours. Amazon or seller copy never counts. Product records with no YAML, or with no readable metal statement, are left out.
Titanium
- Blomdahl USA Silver Titanium Star: “Pure Medical Grade Titanium ASTM-F67” for the earring and the back; the page says no coating on natural titanium styles. Browser-captured; the record carries no route label.
- Impuria Trinity Cartilage stud, 16G: “F-136 ASTM Titanium”, internally threaded; backs sold separately. Browser-captured; route: maker says hypoallergenic.
- Impuria beaded cluster stud, 16G, gold colour: F-136 ASTM titanium with a titanium PVD gold plating. Maker evidence; no route label.
- Tini Lux Mini Bar studs, gold colour and Tini Lux triangle studs: base metal “Pure Titanium ASTM F-67”, with titanium nitride PVD giving the gold colour. The triangle record’s route is maker says hypoallergenic; the Mini Bar record has none.
- Tini Lux Healing starter studs: “implant-grade titanium”, no grade number. Route: maker says hypoallergenic.
- Comfy Earrings Crystal Bezel: “implant-grade titanium”, no grade number, screw-on flat back. Route: maker says hypoallergenic.
- Simply Whispers Mini Ball: “medical-grade” titanium, grade and back type not stated. Route: maker says hypoallergenic.
Tini Lux’s page also explains its own numbers: “ASTM F-67: Pure, unalloyed titanium” and “ASTM F-136: Implant grade titanium (used for flat back studs)”. That is the maker’s description. We could not open ASTM or ISO text, so we do not say what those standards require; our titanium grades guide lists the same limit.
Stainless steel
- Pierced Co Gold Rainbow earrings: “Surgical grade stainless steel, 18K gold plated, Lead & nickel free”, flat screw-back, 20-gauge post. Maker evidence; route: maker says hypoallergenic.
- Pierced Co Segmented Huggies: surgical grade stainless steel, 18K gold plated, with no steel grade number. Browser-captured; no route label.
- Pierced Co Tiny Pink Smiley: enamel, surgical grade stainless steel, PVD vacuum coating, 18K gold plated. No steel grade stated. Route: maker says hypoallergenic.
- Pierced Co Heart Huggies and Pearl Stud, 3 mm: surgical grade stainless steel, “lead & nickel free”, sold for children; the record notes steel grade is not stated. Route: maker says hypoallergenic. For children see our kids earrings roundup.
- Studex Sensitive Puff Pad stud: product named “Stainless Steel”, sterilized, no steel grade or standard stated. The maker makes a nickel claim that is weaker than “nickel-free”; the record flags this. Route: maker says hypoallergenic.
Studex has other records (a 3 mm polished ball, a 4 mm gold-plated ball and a baby-post stud), but they have no product record and no readable base metal or grade, so we leave them out here. All 14 records above are labelled “report” in our data: documented claims, not recommendations.
Why the metal name is not the test
Nickel is the allergen at issue in the sources we read. The 2022 review of metal allergy (PMID 36498546) says the most common metal allergens are nickel, chromium and cobalt.
Steel. One 1997 orthodontic abstract (PMID 9228844) states 316L’s nickel content as “10 to 14 wt%”. That is the only composition figure we could read, and it describes bulk metal, not what reaches skin. A 2022 review (PMID 35817207) says the comparative metal release, not bulk composition, should be assessed. The 1994 lab study (PMID 7842681) tested 304, 316L, 303 and 430 steels with patch tests and sweat leaching: low-sulfur nickel-containing steels elicited no reactions and released less than 0.03 micrograms/cm2/week, against about 1.5 for high-sulfur 303 and about 100 for nickel-plated samples. The authors conclude 304 and 316 “should not induce contact dermatitis”. Another 1994 report (PMID 7867327) says some stainless steel types release enough nickel to elicit symptoms and describes one nickel-allergic patient with contact dermatitis from stainless steel. These are old lab samples. Our 316L guide goes through them.
Titanium. We found no composition or release figure for titanium earrings; the makers state nickel-free or hypoallergenic, and none showed a certificate or test. The sources also do not say titanium is free of risk. A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis (PMID 35017986, three case-control studies) reports that titanium hypersensitivity is more prevalent in patients with titanium implants. Both it and the 2022 review are about implants, not earrings. A 2019 review (PMID 30220068) mentions Nitinol, a nickel-titanium composite, as a reminder that “titanium” on a label can name an alloy.
The legal yardstick. The REACH text (EUR-Lex, retrieved 2026-11-14) restricts nickel in post assemblies inserted into pierced ears “unless the rate of nickel release from such post assemblies is less than 0,2 μg/cm 2 /week”, and sets 0,5 for other articles in direct and prolonged skin contact. It is written in release rates, not metal names, so neither “titanium” nor “stainless steel” meets or fails it on its own. See the EU nickel rule guide and the nickel allergy guide. The nickel spot test guide covers why a home test is a weak check.
Coatings change the comparison
Several of these earrings are gold-coloured, and the colour is a coating. Tini Lux says titanium nitride PVD gives the gold colour on its titanium studs and Impuria describes titanium PVD gold plating, while Pierced Co describes 18K gold plating on most of its steel pieces and PVD on one. None of the records gives a coating thickness. The base metal name alone does not describe the surface that touches skin; see the PVD coating guide.
How to use this
- Ask the seller for a grade and a release test, not only “hypoallergenic”. We did not see a test report for any listed piece.
- Check the back and post separately. Impuria sells backs separately; Blomdahl USA states its back material; most steel records do not.
- For piercings, read the earrings for piercing roundup; for the wider field, nickel-free earrings and hypoallergenic jewelry. Our explainer on the term covers why the word is weak.
What we did not check
We did not test any earrings or read any certificate. We could not open ASTM, ISO or piercer association text, so we say nothing about what any grade requires. Studex records without a readable metal, and records for gold, silver and other metals, are outside this comparison. Everything about your own reactions belongs with a dermatologist or allergy clinic.
Products covered
Blomdahl USA Silver Titanium Star Earrings
Size option 5mm; post length 10mm; post width 0.75mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Size option 5mm; post length 10mm; post width 0.75mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Material: Pure Medical Grade Titanium ASTM-F67. Earring back material: Pure Medical Grade Titanium ASTM-F67. 'Blomdahl USA earrings are nickel-free and hypoallergenic.' 'No coating on natural titanium styles.' source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "They are hypoallergenic earrings and a perfect choice for anyone with sensitive ears." source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Blomdahl USA's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Impuria Titanium Trinity Cartilage Earring Stud Ear Piercing Jewelry 16G
Gauge 16G (1.2mm); post length 6mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Gauge 16G (1.2mm); post length 6mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Gauge: 16G (1.2mm) Post Length: 6mm Material: F-136 ASTM Titanium Color: Silver, Gold Stone: Ultra Shine Cubic Zirconia Crystal Internally Threaded source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "All products are nickel-free and hypoallergenic." source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Titanium: F-136 ASTM (implant grade). Gold colour: plating/coating not described in the text I read. Internally threaded post (backs sold separately as 'Flat Back Stud Post Set') source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Impuria's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Impuria Titanium Cartilage Earring Beaded Cluster Ear Piercing Stud 16G
Gauge 16G (1.2mm); post length 8mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Gauge 16G (1.2mm); post length 8mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker)
- Specifications: Gauge: 16G (1.2mm). Post Length: 8mm. Material: F-136 ASTM Titanium. Color: Gold. Internally Threaded. Materials: F-136 ASTM Titanium. 'Our innovative titanium PVD gold plating guarantees no silver underlay.' source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "All products are nickel-free and hypoallergenic." source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Coated: titanium PVD gold plating source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Impuria's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Tini Lux Mini Bar Stud Earrings
Stud length 6mm; post length 12mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Stud length 6mm; post length 12mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Specs: Base Metal: Pure Titanium ASTM F-67. Coating: Titanium Nitride PVD. Materials: ASTM F-67: Pure, unalloyed titanium. ASTM F-136: Implant grade titanium (used for flat back studs). Titanium nitride PVD is applied to gold jewelry to give an 18k gold colour. source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Titanium nitride is a hypoallergenic material that is more durable ... than gold plating" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Coated: titanium nitride PVD gives gold colour (maker says more durable than gold plating) source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Tini Lux's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Tini Lux Hypoallergenic Titanium Triangle Stud Earrings
Stud Diameter 4mm, Post Length 12mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Stud Diameter 4mm, Post Length 12mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Specs Base Metal: Pure Titanium ASTM F-67. Coating: Titanium Nitride PVD. Stud Diameter: 4mm. Post Length: 12mm. Materials ASTM F-67: Pure, unalloyed titanium. ASTM F-136: Implant grade titanium (used for their flat back studs). COATING: Titanium nitride PVD is applied to our gold jewelry to give it an 18k gold color. source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- Badge row: "Pure Titanium Hypoallergenic Nickel-Free Waterproof" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Gold colour is a titanium nitride PVD coating, not gold; the page says it is used for gold-coloured items source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Tini Lux's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Tini Lux Healing Titanium Starter Stud Earrings
4mm discs.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 4mm discs source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Material: 'implant-grade titanium' (no grade number stated) source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Pure Titanium Starter Studs Hypoallergenic Nickel-Free Waterproof" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- No ASTM/ISO grade read source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Tini Lux's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Comfy Earrings Crystal Bezel Titanium
5.0 mm crystal.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 5.0 mm crystal source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Material: implant-grade titanium (no grade number); cubic zirconia; screw-on flat-back source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Crafted from implant-grade titanium, they're nickel-free, hypoallergenic" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- No ASTM/ISO grade read source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Comfy Earrings's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Simply Whispers Mini Ball Titanium Stud Earrings
Height 1/8 inch, Width 1/8 inch.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- Height 1/8 inch, Width 1/8 inch source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Metal: Titanium. Height: 1/8 inch. Width: 1/8 inch. SKU: 68617 source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "hypoallergenic Mini Ball Titanium Stud Earrings"; "crafted from medical-grade titanium"; "nickel-free earrings" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Titanium grade not stated; 'medical-grade' used; back type not stated source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Simply Whispers's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Pierced Co Gold Rainbow Earrings: Hypoallergenic & Nickel-Free
post .8mm (20 gauge).
Status: Stated by the maker (13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- post .8mm (20 gauge) source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker)
- Materials: Surgical grade stainless steel, 18K gold plated, Lead & nickel free, Always hypoallergenic. Details: Flat screw-back. Ultra-thin post measuring .8mm (20 gauge). source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Hypoallergenic, lead nickel free" (badge row); 'Always hypoallergenic' source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Metal: 'Surgical grade stainless steel' (grade number not stated); coating: 18K gold plated; flat screw-back source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Pierced Co's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Pierced Co Segmented Huggies
10mm clasp huggies.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 10mm clasp huggies source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Materials: Surgical grade stainless steel, 18K gold plated, lead & nickel free, always hypoallergenic. Water-resistant; 'Exclusive Pierced Co Extras: 100% guaranteed to be sensitive-free' (page). source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Always hypoallergenic" (Materials line) source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Gold-PLATED over stainless steel (plating can wear); 'surgical grade' stated without a numeric grade source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Pierced Co's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Pierced Co Tiny Pink Smiley
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Materials: Enamel; Surgical grade stainless steel; PVD Vacuum Coating; 18K gold plated; Lead & nickel free. No steel grade stated source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Hypoallergenic, lead & nickel free" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- No steel grade (e.g. 316L) stated source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Pierced Co's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Pierced Co Heart Huggies
10mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 10mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Materials: Surgical grade stainless steel; Lead & nickel free; Always hypoallergenic source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Hypoallergenic, lead & nickel free"; Materials: "Always hypoallergenic" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Health-adjacent [H]: facts and verbatim claims only. Page says components are tested for child product safety and that jewellery of this size is a choking hazard; page does not say the product is made for kids or infants, so H019 is loosely met and H014 is not. source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Pierced Co's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Pierced Co Pearl Stud Surgical Grade Stainless Steel Screw Back Kids Earrings
3mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 3mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Materials: 3mm stud, Surgical grade stainless steel, 18K gold plated, Lead & nickel free, Always hypoallergenic. Details: Flat screw-back; ultra-thin post measuring .8mm (20 gauge); 8mm post source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "High-quality earrings made for girls with sensitive ears"; Materials: "Always hypoallergenic" source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- Health-adjacent [H]: facts and verbatim claims only. Steel grade not stated. source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Pierced Co's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
Studex Sensitive Puff Pad Fashion - 4mm - Prong-Set Cubic Zirconia - Stainless Steel
4mm.
Status: Stated by the maker (browser-captured, 13 November 2026)
- Size on the maker page
- 4mm source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Material or certification (maker, browser-captured)
- Product name: Stainless Steel. Page: 'Made from nickel-safe materials'. Sterilized. No steel grade or standard stated source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Maker's claim (explicit), quoted
- "Hypoallergenic, providing a safe, irritation-free experience." source (checked 13 November 2026)
- Caveats noted when the page was read
- 'Nickel-safe', not 'nickel-free'; no steel grade source (checked 13 November 2026)
View on Studex's site (opens the maker's website; not an affiliate link)
What we don't fully know
- We found no composition figure for the titanium used in earrings, so we do not compare nickel content in numbers. The only composition figure we could read is the 316L range in a single 1997 orthodontic abstract.
- We could not read ASTM or ISO text, so we do not say what F-136 or F-67 require. The makers' own descriptions are all we cite for them.
- None of the earring records shows a lab report, certificate or EN 1811 result. All grade and nickel statements are the makers' own.
- The stainless steel release abstracts are from 1994 and describe lab samples, not earrings sold today. They do not tell you how a given steel earring performs on your skin.
- The two titanium hypersensitivity sources concern mostly implants and abstract-level evidence; we draw no conclusion about earrings from them beyond saying that titanium is not a guarantee for everyone.
- We did not check backs and butterfly clutches for every earring; where a record does not state the back material, we do not either.
Frequently asked questions
Is titanium better than stainless steel for sensitive ears?
The records do not support a ranking. They show that titanium makers more often name a grade and say nickel-free, and that steel makers more often use "surgical grade" without a number. Abstracts show some low-sulfur stainless steels releasing very little nickel in lab tests, and also report one patient who reacted to stainless steel. Ask a dermatologist about your own skin.
Does stainless steel contain nickel?
One 1997 abstract (PMID 9228844) gives 316L stainless steel a nickel content of 10 to 14 wt%. That is one figure from one orthodontic paper. A 2022 review (PMID 35817207) says release, not bulk composition, is what should be assessed.
Does titanium contain nickel?
The makers we read (Blomdahl USA, Impuria, Tini Lux, Comfy Earrings, Simply Whispers) say nickel-free or hypoallergenic; none gave a composition figure or a release test. A 2019 review (PMID 30220068) notes that Nitinol, used in some stents, is a nickel-titanium composite, so the word titanium alone does not name an alloy.
What nickel limit applies to earrings in the EU?
The REACH text (EUR-Lex, retrieved 2026-11-14) says posts inserted into pierced ears must release less than 0,2 micrograms/cm2/week of nickel, and articles in direct and prolonged skin contact must not exceed 0,5. The rule is written in release rates and does not name either metal.
Can you be allergic to titanium?
A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis (PMID 35017986) reports titanium hypersensitivity is more prevalent in patients with titanium implants, and a 2022 review (PMID 36498546) lists titanium among metals that have attracted attention as allergens. Both are about implants and reviews, not earrings; see a dermatologist for testing.
Is surgical steel the same as 316L?
We found no source that defines "surgical steel". 316L is a named grade a seller can state; see our guide on 316L.
Does an implant-grade label mean the piece is certified?
We found no legal definition of the phrase for jewelry. Tini Lux describes F-136 as implant grade titanium on its own page; other makers use the phrase with no number. We did not see a certificate behind any of them.
Sources
- Blomdahl USA Silver Titanium Star Earrings (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Impuria Arya Trinity ear piercing stud (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Tini Lux Starter Studs (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Comfy Earrings Crystal Bezel Titanium (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Simply Whispers Mini Ball Titanium Stud Earrings (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Studex Sensitive Puff Pad stud, stainless steel (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Pierced Co Tiny Diamond pearl stud, surgical grade stainless steel (maker page, browser-captured)Manufacturer dataaccessed 13 November 2026
- Consolidated REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006, entry 27 nickel (EUR-Lex)Regulatory list or noticeaccessed 14 November 2026
- Corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel (PubMed abstract, PMID 9228844, 1997)Laboratory studyaccessed 14 November 2026
- Nickel release from nickel-plated metals and stainless steels (PubMed abstract, PMID 7842681, Contact Dermatitis 1994)Laboratory studyaccessed 14 November 2026
- Nickel release from metals, and a case of allergic contact dermatitis from stainless steel (PubMed abstract, PMID 7867327, 1994)Observational studyaccessed 14 November 2026
- Toxicity assessment and health hazard classification of stainless steels (PubMed abstract, PMID 35817207, 2022)Referenceaccessed 14 November 2026
- Prevalence of Titanium Hypersensitivity in Patients with Titanium Implants: systematic review and meta-analysis (PubMed abstract, PMID 35017986)Systematic reviewaccessed 14 November 2026
- Metal Allergy: State-of-the-Art Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Hypersensitivity to Implants (PubMed abstract, PMID 36498546, 2022)Referenceaccessed 14 November 2026
- Allergy to Surgical Implants (PubMed abstract, PMID 30220068, 2019)Referenceaccessed 14 November 2026